PD-1 immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer: current status

PD-1 immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer: current status

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Abstract.Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the known kind of tumor biologically featured as high malignant degree, lack of effective methods for diagnosis and treatment, which reflects its unpleasant prognosis.Recently, with the breakthrough of burgeoning therapeutic methods, the flush of dawn osborne hog feeders for sale for pancreatic cancer nearly arrives.Nowadays, besides surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, tumor vaccine therapy, and immunotherapy all show their active situation and obtain certain clinical efficacy, but that is still limited to pancreatic cancer.

However, the appearance and development of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor may final improve survival of pancreatic cancer.This article aims to deeply understand the value of PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor in pancreatic cancer and validly provide the evidence for treatment by means of performing a systematic review on the current status in the fields of the mechanism and application of anti-PD-1 in pancreatic click here cancer, associations with surgery, PD-1-related side effects and prospections.